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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Low-impact development (U.S. and Canada) ： ウィキペディア英語版 Low-impact development (U.S. and Canada) Low-impact development (LID) is a term used in Canada and the United States to describe a land planning and engineering design approach to manage stormwater runoff. LID emphasizes conservation and use of on-site natural features to protect water quality. This approach implements engineered small-scale hydrologic controls to replicate the pre-development hydrologic regime of watersheds through infiltrating, filtering, storing, evaporating, and detaining runoff close to its source.〔Prince George's County, Maryand. Department of Environmental Resources (PGDER). Larry Coffman et al. (1999). (''Low-Impact Development Design Strategies, An Integrated Design Approach.'' ) Published by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Document No. EPA 841-B-00-003, June 1999.〕 Broadly equivalent terms used elsewhere include sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) in the United Kingdom (where LID has a different meaning), water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) in Australia, natural drainage systems in Seattle, Washington〔Seattle Public Utilities. ("Natural Drainage Systems" )〕 and "Onsite Stormwater Management", as used by the Washington State Department of Ecology.〔Washington State Department of Ecology. ("Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington" ), 2005〕 ==Alternative to conventional stormwater management practices== A concept that began in Prince George's County, Maryland in 1990, LID began as an alternative to traditional stormwater best management practices (BMPs) installed at construction projects.〔PGDER (1997). Landover, MD. ''Low Impact Development Design Manual.''〕 Officials found that the traditional practices such as detention ponds and retention basins were not cost-effective and the results did not meet water quality goals. The Low Impact Development Center, Inc., a non-profit water resources research organization, was formed in 1998 to work with government agencies and institutions to further the science, understanding,and implementation of LID and other sustainable environmental planning and design approaches, such as Green Infrastructure and the Green Highways Partnership. The LID design approach has received support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and is being promoted as a method to help meet goals of the Clean Water Act.〔U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Washington, D.C. (''Low-Impact Development (LID): A Literature Review.'' ) October 2000. Document No. EPA-841-B-00-005.〕 Various local, state, and federal agency programs have adopted LID requirements in land development codes and implemented them in public works projects. LID techniques can also play an important role in Smart Growth and Green infrastructure land use planning. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Low-impact development (U.S. and Canada)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.